It is for safety reasons. The take-offs and landings are the critical phases of flight which many accidents are most likely to happen. Therefore, the passengers are asked to open the window shades, seats in upright position, and make sure the seat belt is fasten as if the plane were in emergency.
These preparation process is to help the cabin crew to evacuate people in the short period of 90 seconds (which is a critical time if emergency occurs).
Specific reasons behind the window shade opening include:
- Passengers are curious, hence they are perfect extra eyes to see if something goes wrong out there. Usually passengers report stuff right away.
- In case of sudden emergencies, every second counts. Therefore if shades are open crew can easily see outside conditions to help them in planning the evacuation (which doors to use for evacuation etc.).
- In case of emergency (which is more likely during take offs and landings) people should be prepared just in case. So during daytime, opening window shades and putting cabin lights to full makes the eyes used to sunlight so if something goes wrong and passengers need to be evacuated there will not be sudden change in light contrast which might lead to temporary blurred vision. Same thing at night flights, window shades are open and cabin lights are dimmed.
- It helps ground emergency personnel outside to see the inside of the cabin.
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